El presente trabajo aborda sumamente la cuestión de la demostrabilidad de la existencia de Dios en el pensamiento del beato Ramon Llull. El tema es un camino entre otros para poner de manifiesto la específica manera que tiene Llull de entender las relaciones entre la razón y la fe. La comparación con la misma problemática en la esfera del aristotelismo, sobre todo el tomista, sin constituirse en el núcleo central del trabajo, acaba de aclarar la singular coherencia de la constitución (...) interna del "intellectus fidei" luliano. (shrink)

It is shown that for every nonzero r.e. degree c there is a linear ordering of degree c which is not isomorphic to any recursive linear ordering. It follows that there is a linear ordering of low degree which is not isomorphic to any recursive linear ordering. It is shown further that there is a linear ordering L such that L is not isomorphic to any recursive linear ordering, and L together with its ‘infinitely far apart’ relation is of low (...) degree. Finally, an analogue of the recursion theorem for recursive linear orderings is refuted. (shrink)

We show, roughly speaking, that it requires ω iterations of the Turing jump to decode nontrivial information from Boolean algebras in an isomorphism invariant fashion. More precisely, if α is a recursive ordinal, A is a countable structure with finite signature, and d is a degree, we say that A has αth-jump degree d if d is the least degree which is the αth jump of some degree c such there is an isomorphic copy of A with universe ω in (...) which the functions and relations have degree at most c. We show that every degree d ≥ 0 (ω) is the ωth jump degree of a Boolean algebra, but that for $n no Boolean algebra has nth-jump degree $\mathbf{d} > 0^{(n)}$ . The former result follows easily from work of L. Feiner. The proof of the latter result uses the forcing methods of J. Knight together with an analysis of various equivalences between Boolean algebras based on a study of their Stone spaces. A byproduct of the proof is a method for constructing Stone spaces with various prescribed properties. (shrink)

I argue that Quine’s naturalization of Lewis’s Kantian pragmatism should be understood in terms of Lewis’s attempt to de-psychologize pragmatist epistemology. Lewis wants epistemology to be a priori in order to be distinct from psychology. Quine’s criticisms of Lewis result in a picture that weakens the distinction between epistemology and psychology. Nevertheless, Quine’s naturalized Kantian pragmatism remains far more Kantian than is widely recognized, due to what Quine retains from Lewis.

These are the basic foundations of liberatory psychiatry.

Name der Zeitschrift: Frühmittelalterliche Studien Jahrgang: 48 Heft: 1 Seiten: 237-260.

Kempner. You do not have to testify, Professor Schmitt, if you do not want to, and if you think you are incriminating yourself. But if you do testify, then I would be grateful if you would be absolutely truthful, would neither conceal nor add anything. Is that your wish? Schmitt: Yes, of course. Kempner: And if I come to something you might find self-incriminating, you can simply say you prefer to remain silent. Schmitt: I have already been interrogated by the (...) C.I.C. and in the camp. I would be glad to tell you all I know. However, I would like to know what I am being blamed with. (shrink)

This discussion deals with Statius, Thebaid 6.227-33, a passage considered an interpolation by most critics. The most recent edition of the poem describes the lines as genuine but transmitted in the wrong position without indicating their original location. I develop this perspective by considering and rejecting a possible transposition of the passage to a position between Thebaid 3.113 and 3.114. I then argue that the lines might instead be a marginal creation of an ancient interpolator inspired by the passage in (...) Book 3. (shrink)

En este artículo pretendo precisar el noutopismo de Montaigne en relación a la organización sociopolítica a partir del análisis de la utilización de Platón que lleva a cabo Montaigne en el capítulo «Sobre los caníbales» de los Ensayos, capítulo que puede ser visto como un intento de valorar la utilidad de modelos de estado como el de la República de Platón a partir de la observación de sociedades reales alternativas a las europeas. Aunque la sociedad caníbal de los Tupinamba se (...) asemeja a la sociedad primitiva descrita en la República y las Leyes, Platón cree que una sociedad como esa ya no es factible, por lo que la solución pasa por la utopía, como aquello a lo que debe aspirar una sociedad compleja. En cambio, Montaigne, que más que criticar a Platón en cierto modo lo justifica, defiende la utilidad de analizar esa sociedad primitiva, como un modelo real que permite mejorar la sociedad europea. La alternativa a la utopía consiste, pues, en mirar al otro para mejor mirarse a sí mismo. (shrink)

Some people change dramatically over time, and often those changes result partly from what they have chosen to do for a living. Drawing on the work of Richard Sennett and Sandeep Jauhar, I explore how practicing in a market-driven medical system can corrupt the character of doctors.

Peer review is a widely accepted instrument for raising the quality of science. Peer review limits the enormous unstructured influx of information and the sheer amount of dubious data, which in its absence would plunge science into chaos. In particular, peer review offers the benefit of eliminating papers that suffer from poor craftsmanship or methodological shortcomings, especially in the experimental sciences. However, we believe that peer review is not always appropriate for the evaluation of controversial hypothetical science. We argue that (...) the process of peer review can be prone to bias towards ideas that affirm the prior convictions of reviewers and against innovation and radical new ideas. Innovative hypotheses are thus highly vulnerable to being “filtered out” or made to accord with conventional wisdom by the peer review process. Consequently, having introduced peer review, the Elsevier journal Medical Hypotheses may be unable to continue its tradition as a radical journal allowing discussion of improbable or unconventional ideas. Hence we conclude by asking the publisher to consider re-introducing the system of editorial review to Medical Hypotheses. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to analyse the positions of Montaigne and Descartes in relation to the question of the animal. To do this, I begin by characterizing Derrida's position on the subject, who considers Montaigne and Descartes as two opposing positions on the subject. Then, I analyse the positions of Montaigne and Descartes by means of a commentary on texts by both authors, while I try to explain the Cartesian turn on the animal question with respect to Montaigne. (...) Finally, I argue that Derrida's approach, beyond emphasizing the problem of the animal from the point of view of the Western tradition, inherits the dispute between Montaigne and Descartes. He stressed not so much animal dignity as the peculiarity of man. Moreover, this peculiarity must be demonstrated in order to make self-government possible in a world which is not incomprehensible, but explicable by laws that seem to make human freedom impossible. (shrink)